CHARTER 2 :THE FORMATION OF STARS AND GALAXIES

After Our Universe emitted its first Light after 3,80,000 yrs of its formation what followed was complete darkness....it was called the dark ages of Our Universe....There was only clouds of hydrogen and bits of Helium and Lithium Gases just floating in space....No Light,No stars,No Galaxies....Nothing but clouds of gases....Then the weakest of all forces in nature but with the longest range started its magic.....The places were density of gases were higher where drawn together by gravity...they began to collide with each other....gases from all around rushed to the points where these gases started to collect....when the density and temperature of these gases reached a critical point something new happed....A process called nuclear fusion....The gases were no more gases at that temperature...it is called Plasma...the forth stage of matter...atoms dont exist...only wandering nucleus es and electrons...these wandering protons started bumping into each other and fused with other protons and neutrons( protons can become neutrons by emitting a positron and a neutrino) ...and helium nucleus was formed....when it happened some of the mass got converted to energy and that was emitted as neutrinos and photos....it was not simple as you think...protons are positively charged particles and they dont like each other and they repel with intense force when they come close together....

What made them bind together is Quantum mechanics...According to Quantum mechanics the less massive a particle is the higher the uncertinity of determining its position and momentum simultaneously which is well known as Heisenberg`s Uncertinity principle...What that means is that there is possibility of subatomic particle to exist at two places at the same time...and they can be present anywhere....we can only predict the chance of finding it somewhere....It is because they not only exist in Our universe but they also exist in Universes parallel to ours....they disappear from Our universe momentarily to another Universe and reappear after sometime....That means the electrons and protons in your body are also part of something in some other universes...maybe a part of another star...or maybe part of cow dung...lol....we cannot tell for sure....What this implies in nuclear fusion is when these protons hit at each other there is a probability that they may collide and go away in different directions...or they may disappear and reappear within the other particle to make them fuse together....The fused nucleus are held together by Residual strong nuclear force...Strong nuclear force holds the two up quarks and one down quark inside a proton and their remaining force is what binds to other quarks in other protons or neutrons...Thats why we call them residual strong nuclear force....But this residual strong nuclear for has a maximum range..

The each force is carried out by virtual particles of its own... Our Universe is filled with virtual particles....they come into existence once they get some energy...The for of Electromagnetism is carried out by photos....they are massless virtual particles travelling at speed of light which can travel for infinite distance if there are no obstruction...Since they are travelling at the speed of light time do not exist for them...they can be present anywhere in our universe at the same time...means the same photon can exist in many places in the universe and interact with themselves...from their aspect the universe do not exist...because they do not experience any time...they see the universe starting with a big bang and ending in big rip which is 30 billion yrs from now in no time....they feel they do not even exist....Time is a funny thing...Its is present all around you...The faster you travel the slower the time goes for you from an outside observer but you do not feel any change...travel close to the speed of light a second for you will become a million years for an observer on earth...that way you can really travel to future...many millions of years in future and still stay alive... theoretically if you travel faster than light your mass become infinity,and you start to travel back in time...i will come to this time issue later because there is more and more interesting stuff in time...

So the virtual particle for strong nuclear force are called Gluons....they have mass and can travel to only 10`-81 m( 10 raised to minus 81 meters)( the maximum size of an atom possible )...The virtual particles for weak nuclear for is called W & Z bosons....they are the heaviest...and their range of action is smaller than the diameter of Neutron...They are responsible for the radioactive decay....The last force Gravity( I think so unless we discover some other new force when we discover out what dark energy and dark matter is ) is mediated by virtual particles called Gravitons...we think so...we have not discovered that particle yet...at the sub atomic level gravity is very very weak and we cant even detect them....But they have the largest range of action...Gravity is a negative fore...that is why we are constantly pulled down towards earth and we have to apply a counter positive force to stay at one place...in our case the electrons in the outer orbit of your chair are repelling the electrons in your body and holding you from falling towards the centre of the earth....the whole gravitational force of earth is counter balanced by some electrons in your body....that much weak is actually gravity is...but do not be carried away...Gravity is as strong as other forces...Baffled ?...I will explain it to you...

According to m-theory Our universe is the not the only one...there are infinite no of universes called the Multiverses....And there are infinite multiverses...Our Universe is a large membrane and we are all made of smallest particles of all called Strings...The strings in our body ...rather tall the strings that make up our universe are glued to the membrane of the Universe we live in...even though the next universe is only one billionth of a mm away from you , you can never touch or pass into it because your strings are glued to the 11D membrane our universe is made of...But Gravitons can leave our universe and escape into other universes from ours....So it is spread out...That is why it appears so weak to us...The Gravity...Hope i am not frying your brain...but i cant help....This is the way our universe is...

To be continued...

GOD , UNIVERSE, LIFE AND EVERYTHING BEYOND....LETS BEGIN

WHATEVER CONTAINED IN THE BLOG ARE ABSOLUTE TRUTHS AND NO HOAX

Ok lets start with the Big Bang....Because we do not know what happened before that even though there are postulates coming from M- theory and other theory which i will come to later...Because they do not have any experimental evidence and cannot be proven experimentally...It still stays as a Philosophical theory...So let us start with the big bang...The Moment of creation of everything...You will left with your mouth open when i describe just the first second of Big Bang...lol

Time 0- There was nothing....absolutely nothing...no time,no space,no energy,no matter.....we do not know what was there before that or what was there outside it....absolutely no idea...because no information passes from before the big bang to the Universe we presently Live and Love...Then all of a sudden out of nowhere there were some quantum fluctuations and there was collapse in quantum wave function and a thing smaller than the size of an electron with infinite mass,infinite density, infinity hot particle appears along with space and time....Our present known universe was created...!!!

Time 10`-44 s ( ten raised to minus 44 sec )....The particle which was smaller than the size of an electron suddenly expands ...before that there was only one single force holding on that tiny particle....The Super strong force...there occurs slight temperature differences in that particle which was still smaller than the size of an electron..the hotter areas went on to become the galaxies and the relatively colder areas the voids or space between the galaxy clusters...everything we see and feel now were decided from that time itself....pre written by somebody...God maybe..The rest occurred just like a simple free fall...The first force to separate from it ,the first force human beings understood,and the only force human beings still have no proper idea called Gravity separated from it ....simultaneously a process called inflation occurred....the universe expanded exponentially....by a very big factor...we dont know by how much factor...but by 10`-35 sec the universe expanded to many light years across....a particle called inflatons were responsible for that....just in a fraction of sec our universe expanded from a particle smaller than the size of electron to many billions of kilometers across...much faster than the speed of light...before gravity could get a hold on our universe....otherwise gravity would have crushed that particle back into the same electron particle...just another blackhole...lucky forfor us inflation occurred and as gravity cannot travel faster than the speed of light the universe came into existance....

After inflation was over by the end of 10`-35 sec the Universe now many light years across the particle called inflatons degraded producing the known matter and the dangerous antimatter...at that moment the strong nuclear force got separated followed by the weak nuclear force and last but not the least the Very well known and our most important Electromagnetic force got separated as the universe started to `cool down` ( still it was billions of degrees hot )...we have not yet reached the end of first second of our universe....what followed was the biggest battle of all times...the collision of matter with the antimatter...we still dont know what kinds of matter was there during that time...Thats what we are trying to find out at LHC ( Large Hadron Collider ) at CERN....

At the end of that War our matter WON....there was one billion parts of Antimatter and One billion and one parts of Matter...That small percentage remained and went on to make the universe we know today...Just imagine how lucky we were...This is not only the beginning of our Universe but It is our beginning also...Otherwise we would not have existed now...such a massive `war` would generate so much energy which is way beyond our wildest imagination...no books mention about them...did not find the answer anywhere...so anybody who knows about it please share ...

Time went by ....time 3 mins....Universe was the size of Milky way ( our Galaxy ) already....The Quarks formed...The grouped together to form the protons and neutrons , the quarks bounded by the strong nuclear force....Hydrogen,Deutrerium ( hydrogen nucleus with 1 proton and a neutron), Helium and Lithium nucleus...The water we drink today ( the hydrogen in it ) the protons and neutrons in our body were created at that moment...but it was still very hot and dense for any atom to form...all these things were perfectly black if u would stand inside that universe because there was no space for even photon to travel...it was so much dense even at that moment...and this was just the beginning...It lasted like a cosmic foam like that for 3,80,000 years..just a blindingly bright cosmic foam..there was no light or atoms at all...Just many nucleus of atoms roaming around and electrons and other particles just smashing into each other...I have simplified all these for better understanding of the public...The real story is much more complicated and is only part of Astrophysics Pg degree ( which i am doing right now )...after 3,80,000 years Our Universe `cooled down` for the nucleus to capture the wandering electrons and form into an atom...there was enough space finally for the light to travel...and now there was light....that light was Ultra violet and very highly blue in color...That light can been seen and heard still...amazed ? You should be...!!!

Just turn on the TV without connecting your AV input...and turn of blue background....Now what you see in TV as grains and the sound of bees is that very first Light emitted now shifted to microwaves and radio waves due to the expansion of the Universe...Turn the radio on and what you hear between the channels are same...It is called the Cosmic Background Radiation which is present throughout the Universe and the temperature of it is 2.7 kelvin ( -270 deg Celsius )...It is same throughout the universe..All parts of the Universe never had the time to communicate with each other as Universe expanded exponentially in its first second itself much faster than the speed of light ( nothing can travel faster than the speed of light...but the space can and carry whatever matter is inside it along with it ...its called time and space warp travel...what you see in Star treck Movie...but it is impossible with the present technology...you need the full mass of Jupiter converted to full energy for a space ship to go into warp...so if we are doing warp travel in the future we need a full star maybe just for one trip..lol..)...Scientists are still baffled how in this Universe can the temperature of Cosmic microwave radiation same all over the universe...Absolutely no idea...

Following are 2 images...one showing the formation of universe and to its present state....a 4D image and the other a W MAP...the image of our universe when it was just 3,80,000 yrs old...when the first light was emitted by the universe...

The rest of the story will be continued.....